EUROMEDICA  Hanover 29-30  Mai 2006	Advanced methods of diagnosis, treatment and prophylactics
	European Academy of Natural Sciences, Hanover European Scientific Society, Hanover Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow

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The perennial effective solution of applied hygienic problems of nutrition in children and young students was carried out at regional levels: in Siberia, in the north, south and in the center of Krasnoyarsk territory.

In the research we used up-to-date hygienic, social-hygienic and statistical methods. Comprehensive complex hygienic characteristics and estimation of nutrition in children under school age, school age and young students in education institutions differing by catering pattern were obtained. Hygienic estimation of actual nutrients’ consumption revealed a 15–30% gap between energetic value of ration and physiological requirements in nutritional energy. It was accompanied by misbalance of ration, irregularities of home and organized meals. Insignificant deviations were observed only in children visiting educational institutions (CRI). The mean value of nutrients’ intake fluctuated in relation with parts of Krasnoyarsk territory, age, education level of parents, children and young students, and form of public catering. In all the groups the ranking of nutrients’ availability revealed deficiencies Misbalance in nutrition was proved by biochemical analysis (blood, urine, hair). Misbalances in calcium and iodine were observed in all the regions, misbalances in F and Fe – in the north, selenium and iodine – in all parts the Krasnoyarsk territory. Occurrence of low concentrations in children constitutes for: calcium 27%, iron 14.0%, copper 3.6%, zinc 9.6%, selenium 100%, Table 1.

Table 1. Occurrence of low concentrations microelements and vitamins in children and young students (%)

Localities	Microelements and Vitamins
	iodine	vit.C	vit B1	Ca	Fe	Cu	Se	Zn	Co
Village	61,3	73,2	50,0	23,9	13,9	3,0	100	5,1	100
City	84,3	79,8	73,9	31,6	12,1	5,5	100	10,8	100

The study showed that 74.2% of examined children suffer from iodine deficiency. The frequency distribution of iodine content in the urine points that severe iodine deficiency (less than 20 µg/L) is observed in 15.2% of the children. Moderate deficiency (20–49 µg/L) is found in 21.4% and light (50–100 µg/L) in 37.5% of the examined children. Median of iodine content in urine constitutes 70 µg/L that corresponds to a light degree of iodine deficiency by WHO classification. There was no difference in iodine content medians between boys and girls (P < 0,001). They constitute 70.0 and 70.7 µg/L respectively. Iodine content medians are greater in the urban localities (Minusinks – 95.4 µg/L, Kansk – 99.5 µg/L, Achinsk – 69.2 µg/L, Krasnoyarsk –70 µg/L) than in the country places (Shushenskoe – 31.4 µg/L and Krasnoturanskoe 31.4 µg/L). Occurrence of enlarged thyroid gland (goiter of I–II degrees) constitutes 29.6%. As the disturbance in intellectual development is characteristic of any level of iodine deficiency a significant medical and social problem arises.

This pattern of nutrition can cause higher risk of metabolic disorders and the retention of acquired irrational skills of nutrition can provoke health decrease in the future. The obtained data prove advantages of CRI, schools, universities which promote healthy nutrition and provision of adequate amount of food substances, energy for maintenance of health.

For hygienic improvement of structure, quality and security of rations we developed scientific background for effective regional hygienic models of optimization of nutrition and health of children and young students.

Acknowledgement. The work is supported by the grant of the Russian humanitarian scientific fund 66003 a\T