EUROMEDICA  Hanover 29-30  Mai 2006	Advanced methods of diagnosis, treatment and prophylactics
	European Academy of Natural Sciences, Hanover European Scientific Society, Hanover Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow

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In the present time the pharmacognosy as the science and educational discipline is of the great interest for pharmaceutists and doctors. The pharmacognosy includes so traditional aspects as morphological, anatomical, chemical, analytical study of medicinal plants and also of natural products of the animal and mineral origin. The Pharmacopoeia of Russia contains about 270 medicinal plants, the descriptions of which are presented in several textbooks (D.A. Muravjeva, 1991; D.A. Muravjeva, I.A. Samylina, G.P. Yakovlev, 2002; V.A. Kurkin, 2004).

In the present paper is discussed the conception of the modern pharmacognosy. The new possibilities for the development of pharmacognosy gives the use of the thin layer chromatography (TLC), the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), UV-, UR-, ¹H-NMR-, 13C-NMR-spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and other modern chemical, physical-chemical and spectral methods. The TLC and HPLC are the most perspective methods for purpose of the standardization of the drugs and the phytopharmaceuticals. Besides, the modern standardization must be based on the use of standard samples in the analytical methods (identification and quantitative determination of biologically active compounds in the drugs and the phytopharmaceuticals). In the course of our investigations there were proposed the series of standard samples for purpose of the standardization of Rhodiola rosea L. rhizomes (rosavin), Rhodiola rosea L. tissue cultures (triandrin), Salix viminalis L. barks (triandrin), Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim. rhizomes (syringin or eleutheroside B), Syringa vulgaris L. barks (syringin), Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. fruits. (silybin), Betula pubescens Ehrh. leaves, Hypericum perforatum L. herbs (hyperoside), Fagopyrum sagittatum Gilib. herbs (rutin), Glycyrrhiza glabra L. roots (glycyram and licuraside), Populus nigra L. buds (pinostrobin), Salix acutifolia Willd. barks, Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench. flowers (isosalipurposide).

The author of this paper has proposed the new chemical classification of the medicinal plants. In accordingly with new chemical classification there were introduced in the pharmacognosy so classes of biologically active compounds as phenylpropanoids, xanthones, quinones, ekdisteroids, monoterpene glycosides, iridoids, enzymes. The textbook (V.A. Kurkin, 2004) includes the descriptions of 25 new medicinal plants, namely: Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench., Syringa vulgaris L., Arctium lappa L., Viscum album L. (phenylpropanoids), Salix acutifolia Willd., Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. (phenols), Carica papaya L., Nigella sativa L. (enzymes), Galega officinalis L. (alkaloids), Ginkgo biloba L., Aerva lanata Juss., Lespedeza bicolor Turcz., Lespedeza hedysaroides (Pall.) Kitag., Phaseolus vulgaris L., Avena sativa L., Hibiscus sabdaraffa L., Helichrysum italicum (Roth.) G. Don., Fagopyrum sagittatum Gilib. (flavonoids), Juglans regia L. (quinones), Hedysarum alpinum L. (xanthones), Melissa officinalis L., Artemisia dracunculus L., Populus nigra L. (essential oil), Tribulum terrestris L., Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (saponins). Besides, it was critically revised the position of the some medicinal plants in the chemical classification: Rhodiola rosea L., Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim., Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (phenylpropanoids), Hypericum perforatum L. (flavonoids), Paeonia anomala L. (monoterpene glycosides), Leonurus cardiaca L. (iridoids). It was established, that anthraquinones and naphtoquinones ishould be to consider in the frame of quinones. In the modern pharmacognosy there was expedient to discuss the etymology of the medicinal plants, relationships between of the chemical structures of compounds and of their biologically activities. The structural elucidation of biologically active compounds makes it possible to dissolve and prognoses the pharmacological effects of phytopreparations. The above-mentioned aspects are considered in the descriptions of medicinal plants (subject “Pharmacological properties”), including in the textbook “Pharmacognosy” (V.A. Kurkin, 2004).