A. Sharandak
B. Kogan
E. Fadeeva
E. Lilin |
REHABILITATION PECULIARITIES OF CHILDREN WITH VARIOUS
MOTOR DERANGEMENTS |
| Federative State Organization Russian Rehabilitation
Center “Detstvo”, Мoscow State Pedagogical University,
Moscow, Russia |
According to the Ministry of labor and social development of the Russian Federation
on the end of 2000 in Russia 675.400 children-invalids under 18 years were registered.
The interest of the society and researchers to the problem of physical disability
has not weakened. The important task of rehabilitation specialists is search
of new approaches to solve the problems of physical disability. The purpose
of the present work is to study psychological features of teenagers with different
forms of motor derangements. For inspection personal and character features
of children with motor derangements were used standardized (questionnaires by
G.Ajzenk, Leongard- Schmieschek, Spilberg-Khanin, Phillips, etc.) and non-formalized
(conversation, studying of a self-appraisal on Dembo-Rubinshtane a level of
fears) methods. The anamnesis, school characteristics, conversations with the
teenager and their parents, estimations of mental processes, I.Q, emotional
development level and the general abilities allowed to reveal rehabilitation
potential, to make individual programs of psychological correction. Results.
The personality of children and teenagers with motor derangements is essentially
deformed. Teenagers with motor derangements display inadequacy of self-appraisal
and their realization about the defect. Characteristic feature of emotionally-volitional
sphere of the personality of a child with motor derangements is an emotional
instability expressed in a high degree of frustration, inadequate control over
psycho-emotional and behavioral reactions with the background of low differentiation
in emotional displays. Inadequately overestimated self-appraisal is identified
in children with spastic diplegia. The leader accentuation of the character
is exaltationary accentuation with a rate of increasing of emotional reactions
and their external displays differed by a higher intensity. Children with spastic
gemipligia have a unstable self-appraisal, for them very low tolerance to stressful
conditions and high frustration is characteristic. They are confused in new
conditions, deeply conscious of their defect. Teenagers with motor derangements
of various genesis (club-foot, arthritis, etc.) has the highest rates on scales
of personal and situational uneasiness, and also and uneasy and sensitive accentuation
of character. The adequate self-appraisal is peculiar to children of this group.
Children with motor derangements due to a craniocerebral trauma have symptoms
of higher excitability, pugnacity, impulsiveness, motor nervousness and also
a point of personal features on hypertime and jamming types. After carrying
out of regular complex correctional work with regard of a type of a motor pathology
and conditions of social-psychological development, all children became emotionally
steadier, their self-esteem improved. Decrease in parameters of accentuations
of character, uneasiness was noted. Summary: The research has shown that in
the personality of children are marked proof pathocharacterological features.
The system of psychological help for this contingent should take in account
the types of motor derangements, a social background and start at a possible
early stage so that the efforts of specialists are directed on prevention of
secondary deviations.
