EUROMEDICA  Hanover 6-7  Juni 2008	Advanced methods of diagnosis, treatment and prophylactics
	European Academy of Natural Sciences, Hanover European Scientific Society, Hanover Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow

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The world economic crisis intensified the problem of food quality and worsening of the structure in the Ukrainian population. Due to financial problems, contamination of soil with radio-active and toxic substancies (heavy metals, chemical weed- and pest-killers, nitrates) and, as a result, of food quality this problem has been actual for more than 20 years.

Growth of allergic, cardio-vascular and oncologic diseases, increase in number of genetic malformations and disorders in ontogenesis are marked in Ukraine. Inevitable sequence is low life-span and high death rate.

One of the effective methods in correction of such situation is active introduction of functional products in the modern structure of feed, enriched with biologically active matters (BAM): antioxidants, vitamins, irreplaceable polyunsaturated fat acids etc. Vegetable raw material is, above all, the source of BAM.

Such highly potential raw material, as medicinal mushrooms, 100 species of which found wide application during 2000 years in medicine of of South-East Asia countries – China, Korea, Vietnam, Japan, is practically not used in our country.

Besides wood, husk of sunflower, wastes of tea production are known to be a substratum for growing of mushrooms.

Waste of amaranth carbon dioxide extraction caught our attention because the amaranth is an unique plant with the ideal protein content rich in such amino acid, as lizin, triptofan, arginin, metionin and fenilalanin, among all known corn and bean cultures.

Waste of amaranth extraction preserves unique composition of amino acids and is attractive as substratum, allowing to use whole complex “mushroom – substrat” for creation of components of functional products.

The following species of medicinal mushrooms were the objects of our research: Pleurotus ostreatus, Ganoderma lucidum, Schizophyllum commune, Coriolus versicolor, Cordyceps sinensis, Flammulina velutipes, Lentinus edodes, Volvariella volvacea, Grifola frondosa, Inonotus obliquus, Hericium erinaceus, Phellinus igniarius, Coprinus comatus, Piptoporus betulinus. Mushrooms were cultivated on sterile moistened waste of amaranth extraction and liquid nutrient medium which basis was the flour from waste of amaranth extraction. Conditions of cultivation were temperature 26-28° C during 14-28 days.

Our results are indicative of four mushroom species, which overgrow waste of amaranth extraction most quickly (during 20-27 days): Pleurotus ostreatus, Coriolus versicolor, Schizophyllum commune. Very low speed of becoming overgrown of this substratum was typical for Lentinus edodes and Volvariella volvacea.

Concerning the influence of flour from waste of amaranth extraction concentration in a liquid nutrient medium on the accumulation of biomass of Schizophyllum commune we received following results. The most active growth of mushrooms in the first three days takes place in the medium containing 7% flour from waste of amaranth extraction. On the tenth day of biomass growth, accumulated on an nutrient medium with 2% from waste of amaranth extraction, differs insignificantly from biomass grown in medium with a higher concentration of flour (4, 6 or 7 %).

Results of our experiments on liquid nutrient medium containing the flour from waste of amaranth showed that such mushroom species as Pleurotus ostreatus, Grifola frondosa, Flammulina velutipes, Ganoderma lucidum and Schizophyllum commune synthesized the sufficient amount of biomass within 10-14 days, and are of interest as perspective objects for the receiving new functional products.