EUROMEDICA  Hanover 6-7  Juni 2008	Advanced methods of diagnosis, treatment and prophylactics
	European Academy of Natural Sciences, Hanover European Scientific Society, Hanover Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow

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Rapid latest developments in medical industry have brought a dramatic change in working conditions at dental facilities. New engineering, technology, toolkits, equipment and medications are constantly introduced into dental practice. On the one hand, it improves the quality of treatment and facilitates work of the staff, an the other hand dentists are confronted with new operating conditions, which are not thoroughly investigated in terms of occupational hygiene. Such hazardous factors of an industrial environment as air pollution, insufficient light, exposure to amalgam fillings, and susceptibility to patients’ infection were previously hardly mentioned in studies.

Now attention of hygienists should be switched to exposure to latest dental equipment, new filling materials, allergic effects of chemical substances used in dentistry, toxic concentrations in the air in dental surgery and diseases of dentists and dental technicians.

A peculiarity of working conditions at a dental prosthodontic laboratories is marked with a risk factor dealing with an air pollution due to various chemical substances in various modular conditions (dust, vapors, gases) some which are toxic: mercury, cadmium, lead, carbon oxide, an acid and alkali, SiO₂, acrylates etc. Beside of the enlisted substances there are also certain combinations, which influence in conditions of dental surgery remains quite obscure. During manufacturing of metal dentures gold, silver, platinum, chromium, nickel, titanium, molybdenum, cobalt etc. Their vapors and dust encompass about 20 metals, for example during production of dentures. In this context the purpose of the present research was to investigate the influence of chemical factors on working conditions and diseases of dental staff in a number of dental clinics in Almaty. The preliminary data revealed that so far the sanitary normative documents do not stipulate concentration of hazardous substances in the air of dental surgery premises. The problem of an allergy in dentistry is especially actual. According to the literary data this field of medicine uses more than 500 chemical substances that are able to cause allergic reactions not only in patients but in doctors as well. According to the data 15 % of dentists suffer from allergenic influence of medicines and materials. Long ago in occupational hygiene for dentistry established a “mercury” problem due to wide application of amalgam.

According to latest dental studies in Kazakhstan amalgam is not applied any longer although abroad it still finds a wide application.

Therefore the urgency of conducting researches on hygiene in dentistry is evident.