EUROMEDICA  Hanover 6-7  Juni 2008	Advanced methods of diagnosis, treatment and prophylactics
	European Academy of Natural Sciences, Hanover European Scientific Society, Hanover Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow

Home

Abstracts

Contact

Disclaimer

The purpose of carrying out our research was a pharmacognostic study of representatives of families Asteraceae, Rosaceae, Lamiaceae, Rubiaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Boraginaceae and introduction them into practice as ecologically pure raw materials and phytopreparations.

The objects of the research were the plants of the species Centaurea, Chamomilla, Xanthium, Galium, Pulmonaria, Salvia, Veronica, Viola, Hyssopus, Filipendula, Potentilla.

We focused basically on the allocation and studying of phenolic substances and polysaccharides. The allocation of the specified classes of substances was carried out by extraction with spirit ethyl, aether, acetone, water. To obtain from the number of substances necessary components we used the methods of selective extraction, fractional crystallization, preparative paper and colomn chromatography, HPLH.

The allocated phenolic substances are represented by flavonoids, phenolcarbolic acids, coumarins, tannins.

In the structure of phenolcarbolic acids we have found out phenolic acids: gallic, ellagic, oxybenzoic, salicylic and oxycinnamic acids: chlorogenic, caffeic, cichoric, ferulic, rosmarinic, cinnamic. Coumarins are presented by oxy- and metoxy- derivatives: umbelliferone, aesculetin, scopoletin. Among flavonoid classes flavanone, flavone, flavonol are presented which occur in the kind of aglycones and their O-and C- glycosides. By the character of replacement in the B-ring the structure of flavones varies from 4’-oxyderivatives (type apigenin) to 3’,4’-replaced (type luteoline). At additional replacement in these types of flavones oxy- and metoxy- groups form numbers of derivatives scutellarein (6-oxyapigenin), nornepetin (6-oxyluteolin). Among flavonol a number of replacements in the B-ring from 4’- replaced (type kempferol) to 3’,4’

– replaced (type quercetin) and 3’,4’,5’- replaced (type miricetin) is noted. At additional replacement in these types of connections at C-6 in plants of the species Centaurea a complicated complex of derivatives 6-oxykempferol and 6-oxyquercetin is synthesized. Glycoside forms of studied flavonoids are presented by mono-, bi- and diglycosides, differing by the nature of sugars and their position in aglycone. Flavones glycosides basically are presented by 7-O-monoglycosides, and 7-O-apioglycosides (apiin, graveobioside). 3-O-glycosides and 7-O-glycosides are characteristic for flavonoles, for example, quercetin. Among C– glycosides monoglycosides of apigenin and luteoline and diglycosides apigenin are common.

Considering a complex use of already known medicinal raw material, and also for the purpose of revealing of new sources of raw material polysaccharides, plants of the specified sorts were allocated and studied. The raw material leftovers after abstraction of polyphenolic substances, polysaccharides were consequently obtained by fractions: water-soluble polysaccharide complexes, pectin substances, hemicelluloses A and hemicelluloses B.

In all kinds of the fractions water-soluble polysaccharides complexes and pectin substances are prevailing. The maximum quantity of water-soluble polysaccharides complexes is found in the leaves of Pulmonaria angustifolia L. (9,45%), the herb of Viola tanaitica Grosset (12,50%), the flowers of Centaurea cyanus L. (9,60%), Centaurea scabiosa L. (12,4%), the herb of Xanthium riparium Itz. et Hertsch. (14,24%), the herb of Salvia verticillata L. (10,00%), pectin substances – at the herb of Viola odorata L. (23,00%), the herb of Veronica teucrium L. (20,16%), the herb of Veronica spicata L. (20,50%).Qualitative and quantitative monosaccharide composition of polysaccharide complexes of the investigated plants has been studied.

As a result of the conducted research the sources of polyphenolic compounds and polysaccharides with versatile biological activity are offered: expectorant, diuretic, antiinflammatory and others.