EUROMEDICA  Hanover 3-4  Juni 2010	Advanced methods of diagnosis, treatment and prophylactics
	European Academy of Natural Sciences, Hanover European Scientific Society, Hanover Berliner Medizinischen Gesellschaft, Berlin

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Till recently in literature there was an official opinion that indigenous population of North was not prone to the diseases of civilization. It was mostly explained by genetically determinate mechanism of metabolism programmed to proteinic-fat (polar) nutrition type. But because of Extreme North territories development, growth of man-caused load and urbanization and, accordingly, change from nomadism to settled living, nutrition type changed radically from polar to carbohydrate which has led to adaptive processes breakdown and further development of metabolic disorders.

Research purpose: to estimate the occurrence of metabolic syndrome clusters like obesity and arterial hypertension among Extreme North natives in connection with the way of life (nomad, seminomad or settled) and nutrition type.

Materials and methods: 98 Nenets men of middle age were examined. They were divided into 3 groups: 1st group - nomads who live in tundra; 2nd group - seminomads; 3rd group - the settled ones who live in settlements. Metabolic syndrome was verified according to criteria of All-Russian Scientific Society of Cardiologists, revision of 2008. Degree of obesity was calculated according to Ketle formula. Arterial hypertension and its degree was determined with Korotkov’s method of blood pressure measurement according to classification of All-Russian Scientific Society of Cardiologists, 2004. Patients were fed frequently and in small portions using computer programme called “Analysis of human nutrition state” (1,2 version of Central directorate of Nutrition Research Institute of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 2003-2005). The data were statistically processed with SPSS application package (12,0 version) and expressed as M±m. Credibility value of revealed differences was determined with Student’s t-criterion.

Result of examination: it was revealed that nomads who live in tundra have traditional proteinic-fat nutrition type which implies proteins: fats: carbohydrates proportion of 1,8:1:3,4 while in the 2nd group this proportion is 1:1,1:2,7, in the 3rd group - 1:1,09:3,2. The latter is close to European carbohydrate nutrition type. Changes in dietary intake affected adversely state of health of the examined and caused body mass index change. It was revealed that body mass index in the 2nd and 3rd groups exceeded the norm (18-24) and corresponded to first-degree obesity (31,5±1,3) in the 3rd group and to overweight in 2nd group (28,5± 2,2) while nomads who had preserved traditional way of living and eating habits displayed normal body mass index (23,1±1,2). Consumption of proteins in the 1st and 3rd groups made up accordingly 204% and 102% (p<0,5), of total fats - 2% and 28% (p<0,001), of saturated fatty acids - 12% and 47% (p<0,001). Notable is the fact that persons having settled way of life are characterized by European nutrition type with protein deficiency and excess of total fat which leads to obesity development. It is known that North natives’ need for polyunsaturated fatty acids received from fish is higher than Europeans’ need for them by 15% that is why when traditional nutrition type is broken, deficiency of this substance is felt more by North natives than by Europeans. Arterial hypertension is more spread in the 3rd group and was revealed in 37,5% cases, mostly second-degree arterial hypertension, compared to 9,7% hypertensive patients (p<0,01) - mostly with first-degree arterial hypertension - in the 1st group. In the 2nd group share of hypertensive patients made up 17,8% among which 73,7% suffer from second-degree arterial hypertension and 26,3% - from third-degree disease.

Conclusion. When North natives change from traditional nutrition type to the European one which implies reduction of protein consumption and increase of fat consumption with predominance of saturated fatty acids, their genetically determinate adaptive processes break down, which leads to metabolic disorders.