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| Ignat Ignatov | WHICH WATER IS OPTIMAL FOR THE ORIGIN (GENERATION) OF LIFE? |
| Sofia, Bulgaria; http://www.medicalbiophysics.dir.bg/en/water_memory.html |
New achievements in the studies of water structure allow to better analyze the conditions for the emergence of life. It is difficult to presume that life has originated in “chaotic” water (Ignatov, 2010). Living organisms and water (Antonov, Galabova, 1992) are complex self-organizing systems. Schrödinger clearly defines that living organisms reduce their own entropy at the expense of increasing the entropy of the environment.
Self-organization can most logically explain the origin of living matter.
The term itself was introduced in 1947 by Ashby. The dissipative structures of Prigozhin and the hyper cycles of Eigen show that life is most probably not the result of chaotic processes. Prigozhin demonstrated that the formation of dissipative structures and the increase of their complexity is associated with changes in entropy. For their achievements, both scientists separately received the Nobel Prize.
In late 2009 and early 2010 I carried out experiments with control “deionized” water, mineral water, sea water, and mountain water from Bulgaria. Water from karst springs was also studied. The experiments were made with Antonov’s device for spectral analysis of water. Cactus juice was studied too (Ignatov, 2009). The cactus was selected as a model system because the plant contains about 90% water. Also, photosynthesis is carried out by the enlarged stems, which serve for storage of water as well. Mineral water from different springs was examined.
Closest to the spectrum of sap, however, is the spectrum of mineral water, which reacts with calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Karst springs have a similar spectrum. Closest to the spectrum of sap is the spectrum of karst springs water, which interacts with mineral water.
In nature there are places with different water and identical external conditions. 25 km away from Teteven there is the Zlatna Panega karst spring with a temperature from 10 to 12,5 °C. Three mineral springs with an average temperature of 21 °C pour into the lake formed by the spring. Only a few kilometers away is the Vit river with an average temperature of around 15 °C. Photographs demonstrate the obvious difference between the plant life in the water of the river and the karst spring. This is visible proof of the optimally good place for the active life of algae under identical external conditions. The difference is only in the structure of water.
Close in value peaks in the amplitudes of the spectra of sap and of karst and mineral springs, which interact with calcium carbonate are observed. Peaks are found at -0,1112, -0,1187, -0,1262, -0,1287 and -0,1387 еV. The average energy of the hydrogen bonds among water molecules in the creation of cluster formations is measured. Similar amplitudes in the spectrum between the sap and the mountain and sea water is observed at -0,1362 еV. The spectrum of the control “deionized” water is substantially different from that of sap, mineral and mountain water.
There are three components that are exceptionally important before we proceed further. Modern physics can determine the composition of mineral water to the nearest atom. If, however, we mix these ingredients in deionized water, we will not obtain mineral water. Without analysis of parameters that are associated with “vital” energy, it is difficult to explain the origin of life as a mixture of organic molecules. Which are the factors that preserve information in a “self-organizing” structure. The more logical outcome is for it to self-destruct. Naturally all these processes have occurred due to energy from the environment.
Oparin, theoretically, and Miller, experimentally, have indicated the possibility for formation of organic molecules in the conditions of the young Earth.
Experiments and analyses indicate close quantum-mechanical distribution according to energies of water molecules between a liquid, which is directly connected with the vital activity of a plant, and mineral and karst water. Mineral water in springs and geysers flows with a nearly constant composition, and long enough. In contact with calcium carbonate (CaCO3), sulphur (S) and other elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg, etc.), stable cluster formations are established. And since the external factor is repeated, they are more difficult to destroy. Energy required for maintaining the self-organizing structures directly depends on the heat from the volcanic activity and the magma. It also depends on the solar energy. Entropy depends on the amount of heat and the self-organized structure does not self-destruct because the energy balance is maintained.
The effect of Antonov and Yuskeselieva of 1983 showed that the water droplet evaporates discretely (in a salutatory fashion). This effect depends on the energy states of hydrogen bonds between the oxygen atoms of water molecules and the hydrogen atoms of the neighboring molecules. Water molecules themselves are linked into clusters. One of the evidences is the clusters of water molecules sized 1,1 µm / 1,1 µm / 203 Å, photographed by Zenin with an electronic microscope. The obtained result has not been replicated in other laboratories. A team of Japanese scientists headed by Naguib published information that small clusters of water molecules and carbon have been observed with an electronic microscope. Their size was 20 to 50 nanometers.
The smallest bacterium Micrococcus progrediens is sized 0,1 µm or 100 nanometers in diameter. This means that self-organization and structuring of living matter may begin within the stable cluster formations.
In 2005 a team from Berkeley University, USA – Geissler, Saykally and Smith, demonstrated with Raman spectroscopy that hydrogen bonds among water molecules are constantly tearing, changing and moving. These results correlate with my quantum-mechanical analysis of water spectrum. In these analyses the relative stability of clusters depends on external factors. Water is different in its structure, and a similarity in the spectrum can be observed in the presence of certain external factors (Ignatov, 2005). Water changes the position of water molecules depending on the energy of hydrogen bonds. The apparatus results and analyses for the presence of “stationary” clusters can hardly be accepted. Cluster formations themselves are dynamic and the “memorization” of information depends on a series of factors. The first results and analyses with Antonov’s device were obtained in 1997.
The research from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), USA shows the possible number of hydrogen bonds depending on the number of water molecules. Upon an increase of the number of hydrogen bonds, the nano-droplets stability is reduced. This result correlates with my quantum-mechanical analysis regarding dynamic movement of water molecules in their attempt to find a relatively stable condition of clusters of the order of nanometers.
Studies with the device of Antonov of the spectrum of water that interacts with living tissue show an increase in the parameters of the spectrum between -0.1362 eV to -0.1387 eV. Cancerous tissue in this part of the spectrum decreased these parameters. One cluster formation “begins” to self-organize when it seeks to “preserve” the stronger energy interaction between the molecules in it. We can define “life” energy as “conservation” of “selforganization” of stronger energy levels in clusters of molecules (Ignatov, 2010).
The evidence shown indicates that the emergence of life depends on the properties and structure of water and also on additional conditions. Mineral water, which interacts with calcium carbonate is closest to these conditions and has left a trace in plants with its structure, and entropy. Next in line with regard to quality are sea and mountain water (Ignatov, 2010).
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