EUROMEDICA  Hanover 23-24  Mai 2011	Advanced methods of diagnosis, treatment and prophylactics
	European Academy of Natural Sciences, Hanover European Scientific Society, Hanover

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Educational technologies based on structuring students’ intellectual activity are traditionally used in Tomsk school of medical thought. They include theory of diacrisis as a basis for studying clinical tasks, decomposition of doctors’ thinking according to the ways of reasoning (classifying, use of statistics, recognition by analogy, logical deduction, systems analysis), simulation exercises, modeling clinical settings, modeling teaching material acquirement structure.

Computer system model for doctors’ training by method of situational problems solution is offered in the report. Besides standard function of establishing problem conditions and getting the solution, the project contains operations aimed at developing in students skills of professional comment on clinical presentation. The project is unique because its goal is to create a system for realizing intuition potential of students in the part of a doctor’s thinking in which a patient’s image is perceived and completed to a recognizable clinical presentation sufficient for identification and making a decision within a single stage, in contrast to lengthy situation analysis .

As a structural basis for clinical situation description we have chosen frame. According to its content the frame corresponds to case history (CH) and is subdivided into five enclosed frames: factographic part of case history, comment on clinical presentation, treatment protocols, problem-solving protocol and epicrisis. Each frame consists of named slots, each slot consists of four facets: current slot value, value type, default value, reference to a trigger. At the beginning of a problem solving the first frame slots are filled in while value facets of the others are empty. Problem solving is programmed as a process of going through factographic part with breakpoints in which a student must answer questions on the basis of incomplete information and record his/her arguments in empty value facets. If a student has any difficulties he/she can turn for help either to computer knowledge base or to a teacher. Computer help is given through default slot values and pilot programs attached to them, a teacher’s help – through interactive procedures attached to slots. Help mechanism is determined by the following purpose: elaborate and implement the computer-based method of teaching how to make medical decisions when the subject deals with fundamentally incomplete set of conditions and has to make it complete by cut and try method or to come to understanding of the situation by way of insight. The task is to limit random search at the moments of decision making, giving students inducer facts which, like in brainstorming, initiate correctly oriented stream of free associations in his/her consciousness. Prerequisites for implementation of the project are examples of creativity activation systems in the fields where decision making requires heuretic and intuition.