EUROMEDICA  Hanover 23-24  Mai 2011	Advanced methods of diagnosis, treatment and prophylactics
	European Academy of Natural Sciences, Hanover European Scientific Society, Hanover

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The heart (figure 1) is intended for blood pumping. Similar technical apparatus is less reliable than heart. Therefore it is interesting to understand the reasons of this high reliability and apply more interesting decisions in engineering design.

The heart valves prevent backflow of blood. Similar technical apparatus is called as non return valves. Atrium and ventricles pump blood and acts as pump chambers. Veins and arteries can be considered as pipelines. Using technical drawing symbols we have produced hydraulic scheme of heart which is shown in figure 2. Such kind of hydraulic pump stations will have high reliability.

The pump chambers are installed one after one. Series connection of pump chambers gives the possibility to decrease every chamber differential pressure. Pump chambers can have two input lines. It decreases input hydraulic resistance and create good conditions for chamber filling.

There are non-return valves between pump sections as well as in input and output heart lines. That is why there is possibility to have some pressure in the output heart line when heart chambers and non-return valves 4 and 9 are in trouble.

The lungs can be considered as the hydraulic resisters. The hydraulic resisters are installed in parallel. In this case the result hydraulic resistor is less then every resistor separately. The right (1…6) and the left (7…12) heart parts are worked from opposite sides of hydraulic resistors. It helps to decrease maximum heart pressure.

The heart has not natural frequency because of asymmetrical design and flexible pump chambers walls. This reason prevents vibration from internal reasons and decrease vibration amplitude from external one.

Non-return valves and flexible pump chamber walls permit to pump blood when pump station is compressed periodically with the help of relatively small force.

Thus the hydraulic and pneumatic pump stations will be more effective and reliable if designers will:

• use pump chambers not with only one input line but with two ones;
• use pump chambers of asymmetrical design and with flexible pump chamber walls;
• use several pump chambers instead of one;
• plan to install non-return valves in the pump chambers lines;
• provide for flexible lines instead of rigid ones;
• use series connection of pump chambers;
• plan to install load transfer between the pump chambers;
• install greatest hydraulic resisters in parallel unit;
• install pump chambers from opposite sides of the greatest hydraulic consumers;
• provide ability to manually fluid pumping.

Four pump chambers are used in heart instead of one. It gives the possibility to have section pump stations mass which is smaller than one chamber pump station having the same power. The more chambers are in the pump station the simpler pump station manufacturing, maintenance and repairing. Four pump chambers are contained in one case. This case is drive. It helps to decrease pump chambers sizes.

Blood vessel flexibility eliminates cavitations. In addition to R. McNeil Alexander [2] wrote that flexible aortic damps pressure oscillation. Because of this pressure oscillation and blood velocity are decreased.

However hydraulic and pneumatic pump stations will be more effective and reliable if designers will:

• use pump chambers not with only one input line but with two ones;
• use pump chambers of asymmetrical design and with flexible pump chamber walls;
• use several pump chambers instead of one;
• plan to install non-return valves in the pump chambers lines;
• provide for flexible lines instead of rigid ones;
• use series connection of pump chambers;
• plan to install load transfer between the pump chambers;
• install greatest hydraulic resisters in parallel unit;
• install pump chambers from opposite sides of the greatest hydraulic consumers;
• provide ability to manually fluid pumping.