EUROMEDICA  Hanover 23-24  Mai 2011	Advanced methods of diagnosis, treatment and prophylactics
	European Academy of Natural Sciences, Hanover European Scientific Society, Hanover

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The problem of reducing contamination of the breathing zone of drivers is very important. Even relatively small concentrations of toxic substances, especially in combination with other factors of production environment, can have negative effects on the body of drivers and, consequently, reduce traffic safety. It should be noted that the major polluting component of the driver’s cab are the engine exhaust gases, which consist of a large number of variety of substances, they can be divided into several groups. Firstly, it is carbon-products (carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, soot), increasing the concentration of which is mainly the result of incomplete combustion. Secondly, the products of oxidation of nitrogen, which contribute to the formation of high pressure and temperature in the engine cylinders. Third, those substances which in their education due to the presence of different additives and fuel additives (oxides of lead, barium, sulfur, mercaptan, etc.). In the study of air pollution booths urban transport toxic substances was found that their concentration exceeds TLV, reaching in some cases, significant quantities.

Need further careful study of the effect of relatively low levels carboxyhemoglobin on the quality of driving, as insufficient information about the driver’s ability to adapt to chronic exposure to low concentrations of carbon monoxide, causing the formation of 2-3% carboxyhemoglobin in the blood.

Different character actions are nitrogen oxides, which irritate the eyes, nose, mouth. In poisoning by nitrogen oxides is characterized by a latent period: a man, a satisfactory feel when dealing with dangerous levels, subsequently seriously ill. Aldehydes present in the exhaust gas mainly in the form of formaldehyde and acrolein, hydrocarbons, soot, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide as a strong stimulating effect on the mucous membranes. Hydrocarbons, in addition to being toxic themselves, under sunlight react with nitrogen oxides to form ozone and peroxide, which irritate the eyes and upper respiratory tract.

Carcinogens, settling on the particles of dust and soot in the lungs and come in contact with lung tissue. This is one of the reasons that the rapid development of industry and transport has led to an increase in the proportion of deaths from lung cancer.

Lead compounds are present in the anti-knock additives, and exhaust gases are poisons, affecting all organs and tissues. The danger of lead poisoning is compounded by the fact that they are not slowly eliminated from the body.

Significant impact of toxic substances on the body of drivers makes the need for measures aimed at reducing their concentrations in the air cabin. These activities can be divided into 4 groups as follows: reduction of exhaust gases, reducing pollution by toxic substances roadside zone, preventing contact with toxic substances into the cockpit of the car from all possible sources, the effective removal of toxic substances from the cockpit.