EUROMEDICA  Hanover 23-24  Mai 2011	Advanced methods of diagnosis, treatment and prophylactics
	European Academy of Natural Sciences, Hanover European Scientific Society, Hanover

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The efficiency of the bus driver is largely determined by the microclimate in the cockpit. Excessively high or low temperature limit the ability of operations management bus. Found that the temperature of air in the cabin of a car affects the number of errors made by the driver, and therefore the number of accidents. Under the influence of heat from the driver drops the attention, the precision and reaction speed. A significant increase in temperature leads to large losses of moisture body, which in turn affects performance. The cold also leads to increased sensitivity to pain, which leads to more cautious, and hence the intense traffic, tiring the driver. With an increase in skin sensitivity endurance muscles of the hands is reduced by 20-30%.

Microclimate in the cabin depends on the heating, ventilation, and a number of design parameters of the car (cabin leak, the location of the engine, its thermal insulation, heat and thermal conductivity of materials, the degree of glass cockpit, etc.). Significant role in the formation of microclimate in buses and cars can play a number of passengers, the number and frequency of stops with the opening of doors, engine operation, etc.

Microclimate of cabins must meet the optimal performance, i.e. have such an impact on the driver’s body, which not only would cause disturbances in the state of health, state of health of the driver, but also conducive to maintaining its efficiency

Such a climate can be maintained only by air-conditioning systems. It should be borne in mind that the classification of drivers on the severity rather conditional, since the driver’s energy consumption while driving greatly vary, depending on the category of roads, terrain, speed and quality of traffic organization, the technical condition of the car.

In our view a list of hygiene for the microclimate of cabins must be included and acceptable standards that are tailored to the principles of priority health issues to economic indicators and technically accessible.

According to published data of air temperature from +18 to +30 °C in the management of a moving vehicle does not cause significant changes in the level of attention, speed of visual-motor reactions and ability perception of time intervals.

At the same time it was established experimentally that when +32.2-33.3 °C slows down the thinking process, associative memory, accuracy and speed of action. The extent of this reduction increases with higher and lower humidity. Renin G.N., Afanasieva R.F., recommends the following acceptable standards at a relative humidity of 75% (in the cold season), but in the warm period of 55% - Temperature-28 °C at 60% -27 °C at 65% -26 °C, at 70% -25 °C at 75% -24 °C and below.

Permissible temperature of the air in cabins of buses must meet SNAR RK 2.04.01.2001 «Building Climatology».