EUROMEDICA  Hanover 23-24  Mai 2011	Advanced methods of diagnosis, treatment and prophylactics
	European Academy of Natural Sciences, Hanover European Scientific Society, Hanover

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Almaty is one of the most polluted cities in Kazakhstan. This contributes both to its geographical location, and the large number of different types of vehicles. Almaty is located in an extremely unfavorable weather conditions, impeding the natural self-purification of air, since the 3-surrounded by mountains.

Worked as a driver associated with greater neuro-emotional stress, requiring constant stability and concentration. In addition to bus drivers affected by a number of harmful factors: poor working environment (temperature, humidity, air velocity), noise, vibration, infrasound and ultrasound, various gases and vapors of chemical substances (carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrous oxide, etc). One of the main indicators of health status of drivers is their performance, which is determined by the state of physiological systems. Significant impact on the level of efficiency involving factors of physical and psychophysiological nature. Thus, the lack of road lighting, the presence in the field of view of blinding sources, weak contrast of the object relative to the background, etc. leads to a rapid decrease in efficiency, and hence the reliability of the driver. On the health status affects a number of factors (mental stress, exercise, physical and chemical factors and microclimate production environment). The impact of these factors increases, especially in the context of a specific hot climate and ecological trouble in Almaty.

Negative impact on the performance of bus drivers have the exhaust gases that enter the cabin. The composition of these gases include carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, aldehydes, acrolein, ethane, methane, propane, butane, acetylene, etc. Once in the driver’s body through inhalation, carbon monoxide causes oxygen starvation nitrogen oxides - irritation of the mucous membranes, cough, shortness of breath; aldehydes - a runny nose, chronic catarrh of the throat, acrolein - cramps in his eyes, watery eyes, coughing, sneezing, impaired heart function etc.

Noise causes the deterioration of muscle performance driver, reduces visual acuity, stability of clear vision, sensitivity to orange-red color, the level of attention and its distribution. As a result of noise decreases the accuracy of determining the distances between objects on the road, the time intervals. Noise is usually accompanied by vibration. The combined effect of these factors on the performance is usually stronger than each separately. Static muscle tension, resisting change in the normal position of the body as a result of acceleration, vibration leads to an increase in energy expenditure.

Thus, our results showed that the health status of drivers affected by a number of adverse factors of production environment (temperature variations, noise, vibration, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, etc.).