EUROMEDICA  Hanover 23-24  Mai 2011	Advanced methods of diagnosis, treatment and prophylactics
	European Academy of Natural Sciences, Hanover European Scientific Society, Hanover

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Processes of the normal somatic cell transformation into a tumour one are very complex and multisided. Large number of the genetic and protein systems can be activated by different extra- and intracellular factors. The tumour transformation result to damage of proliferation, differentiation and regulatory activity in the target cell. During these processes cell assume a special characteristics: insensibility to regulatory stimuli of organism and invisibility to antitumor defence.

Clinical oncologists do not study the causes of tumour transformation, as well as mechanisms of early stages of tumour process so they deal with clinical disease stage. In this stage it is very important to make a correct diagnosis which found on specific tumour markers. For example it is a detection of Philadelphia chromosome in chronic myeloid leukaemia, M-gradient for B-lymphoproliferative disease or mutations of BRCA-1 gene for mammary cancer etc.

As a result of the development the international programs such as “The Human Genome Project” scientists receive the fundamental data about most genetic systems. The main aim of our investigation was to study a diagnostic significance of detecting mutation and expression status of some genetic systems which specific for large number of oncological diseases. In the focus of our interest were next genes: p53, bcl-2, hTert (one of the telomerase genes), B-RAF and RAS. We suppose that these genetic systems generally determine predisposition to the oncology diseases participating in the early stages of tumour development. Consequently, the investigation of mutation and expression status of these genes may be recommended as an innovation tools for the screening patients with oncology diseases at the preclinical stages.