EUROMEDICA  Hanover 23-24  Mai 2011	Advanced methods of diagnosis, treatment and prophylactics
	European Academy of Natural Sciences, Hanover European Scientific Society, Hanover

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The activities of the driver belongs to one of the most stressful and demanding forms of labor. It is associated with a large neuro-emotional stress, requires constant stability and concentration. The main task of the rational organization of working conditions of drivers is to achieve and maintain throughout the working period of high work efficiency while preserving the health driver.

Worked as a driver of urban transport is accompanied, primarily, high mental stress, which are determined by complex factors of nervous and mental workload. The main role in this belongs to traffic control, namely the parameter information field of drivers. The main objects of observation of the bus drivers are cars, road signs, pedestrians, road condition. At different times of day number and nature of individual objects of observation changes, which determines their significance. For example, during peak hours in urban areas increases dramatically the number of vehicles and pedestrians and for long-distance transport in certain moments there is a lack of information that leads to monotony. Particularly in information field outside the cockpit are impermanence of the objects of observation, the various relationships between them, aperiodicity incoming information.

Mental stress due to the peculiarities of the information field outside the cabin, aggravated by additional information from the passenger compartment of bus passengers in connection with the sale of tickets, coupons, etc. In some cases it can cause drivers nervous and emotional tension.

Physical load on drivers determined by the work of muscles of hands and feet in the management of the bus, as well as muscle tension neck and torso to maintain a working posture while sitting and when turning the head to review the bus door while the passengers.

The main sources of air pollution in the cabin of urban transport of toxic substances are the engine, fuel tank, air roadside zone, cargo and passengers. Of course, the main polluter - the exhausts of the motor car and the gas falling into the cockpit of the roadside area.

Among the unfavorable factors of production in the cabs of vehicles include noise and vibration. Currently, the noise levels in the cabins of buses is 71 dBA and vibration in the workplace is a broadband random process, the maximum value, which is concentrated in the frequency range 1 to 125 Hz, especially 8.2 Hz.

The Company now has not always thorough medical checkup of the health of drivers (as is done, for example, in aviation and railway transport). Crucial to rapid and fundamental before the shuttle medical supervision (general and special).

Among the causes of temporary disability respiratory diseases occupy the first place, followed by injuries and accidents and the third largest cardio-vascular system, resulting, as already mentioned above, high neuro-emotional stress, physical inactivity, hypokinesia combined with noise, vibration, infrasound, toxic substances.

Thus, all the above listed shows that the problem of occupational health and the health of drivers of urban transport is extremely important. Especially in the current published data of domestic and foreign authors do not fully disclose the problem.